Voluntary for all Australian businesses (B2B). Obligations bite on Commonwealth government agencies as BUYERS (must be able to receive Peppol e-invoices) and on their payment terms; several states have their own supplier e-invoicing programmes. No turnover thresholds, no resident/non-resident distinction, no tax-authority transmission.
Australia is where people over-promise. There is no B2B mandate and the Business eInvoicing Right was never legislated — do not build a client roadmap on it. The real work is (a) migrating off A-NZ Peppol BIS 3.0 to PINT A-NZ if any legacy integration is still emitting the old syntax, and (b) meeting Commonwealth and state government buyer requirements, which are procurement conditions rather than tax law. Australia and New Zealand share the PINT A-NZ specification but are separate Peppol jurisdictions with separate authorities (ATO / MBIE).
5 of 5 are primary sources. Mandate dates move — treat this page as a starting point and confirm against the primary source before committing a plan.
A page is a starting point. A scoped analysis gives you the specification, the mapping and the effort — in weeks, not quarters.